The C-type lectin fold as an evolutionary solution for massive sequence variation

TitleThe C-type lectin fold as an evolutionary solution for massive sequence variation
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2005
AuthorsMcMahon, SA, Miller, JL, Lawton, JA, Kerkow, DE, Hodes, A, Marti-Renom, MA, Doulatov, S, Narayanan, E, Sali, A, Miller, JF, Ghosh, P
JournalNat Struct Mol Biol
Volume12
Pagination886-92
KeywordsAmino Acid Sequence Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*chemistry Bacteriophages/*metabolism Bordetella/*virology Evolution; Bordetella/*chemistry; C-Type/*chemistry Molecular Sequence Data Protein Conformation Protein Folding Viral Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics Virulence Factors; Molecular Genetic Variation Genome; Viral Lectins
Abstract

Only few instances are known of protein folds that tolerate massive sequence variation for the sake of binding diversity. The most extensively characterized is the immunoglobulin fold. We now add to this the C-type lectin (CLec) fold, as found in the major tropism determinant (Mtd), a retroelement-encoded receptor-binding protein of Bordetella bacteriophage. Variation in Mtd, with its approximately 10(13) possible sequences, enables phage adaptation to Bordetella spp. Mtd is an intertwined, pyramid-shaped trimer, with variable residues organized by its CLec fold into discrete receptor-binding sites. The CLec fold provides a highly static scaffold for combinatorial display of variable residues, probably reflecting a different evolutionary solution for balancing diversity against stability from that in the immunoglobulin fold. Mtd variants are biased toward the receptor pertactin, and there is evidence that the CLec fold is used broadly for sequence variation by related retroelements.

Notes

McMahon, Stephen A Miller, Jason L Lawton, Jeffrey A Kerkow, Donald E Hodes, Asher Marti-Renom, Marc A Doulatov, Sergei Narayanan, Eswar Sali, Andrej Miller, Jeff F Ghosh, Partho F31AI061840/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States F32AI49695/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States T32GM008326/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t Research Support, U.S. Gov’t, P.H.S. United States Nature structural & molecular biology Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2005 Oct;12(10):886-92. Epub 2005 Sep 18.

URLhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16170324