TY - JOUR T1 - An anaerobic mitochondrion that produces hydrogen JF - Nature Y1 - 2005 A1 - Boxma, B. A1 - de Graaf, R. M. A1 - van der Staay, G. W. A1 - van Alen, T. A. A1 - Ricard, G. A1 - Gabaldón, T. A1 - van Hoek, A. H. A1 - Moon-van der Staay, S. Y. A1 - Koopman, W. J. A1 - van Hellemond, J. J. A1 - Tielens, A. G. A1 - Friedrich, T. A1 - Veenhuis, M. A1 - M. A. Huynen A1 - Hackstein, J. H. KW - *Anaerobiosis Animals Ciliophora/*cytology/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure Cockroaches/parasitology DNA KW - Mitochondrial/genetics Electron Transport Electron Transport Complex I/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism Genome Glucose/metabolism Hydrogen/*metabolism Mitochondria/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure Molecular Sequence Data Open Reading Fra AB - Hydrogenosomes are organelles that produce ATP and hydrogen, and are found in various unrelated eukaryotes, such as anaerobic flagellates, chytridiomycete fungi and ciliates. Although all of these organelles generate hydrogen, the hydrogenosomes from these organisms are structurally and metabolically quite different, just like mitochondria where large differences also exist. These differences have led to a continuing debate about the evolutionary origin of hydrogenosomes. Here we show that the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis, which thrives in the hindgut of cockroaches, have retained a rudimentary genome encoding components of a mitochondrial electron transport chain. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that those proteins cluster with their homologues from aerobic ciliates. In addition, several nucleus-encoded components of the mitochondrial proteome, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and complex II, were identified. The N. ovalis hydrogenosome is sensitive to inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I and produces succinate as a major metabolic end product–biochemical traits typical of anaerobic mitochondria. The production of hydrogen, together with the presence of a genome encoding respiratory chain components, and biochemical features characteristic of anaerobic mitochondria, identify the N. ovalis organelle as a missing link between mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. VL - 434 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15744302 N1 - Boxma, Brigitte de Graaf, Rob M van der Staay, Georg W M van Alen, Theo A Ricard, Guenola Gabaldon, Toni van Hoek, Angela H A M Moon-van der Staay, Seung Yeo Koopman, Werner J H van Hellemond, Jaap J Tielens, Aloysius G M Friedrich, Thorsten Veenhuis, Marten Huynen, Martijn A Hackstein, Johannes H P Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t England Nature Nature. 2005 Mar 3;434(7029):74-9. ER -